Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *zi̯ā́su

Meaning: disorder, devastation

Russian meaning: беспорядок, опустошение

Turkic: *jās

Mongolian: *(h)us-

Tungus-Manchu: *suse / *susu

Korean: *sǝ̀sk-

Japanese: *súsá-

Comments: Man. sasuqu 'cards', sasu- 'to shuffle' (ТМС 2, 67) probably < Kor. Mong. *us- < *sus- through regular dissimilation (cf. *si̯uba etc.).

Proto-Altaic: *zi̯ognV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: sleeve

Russian meaning: рукав

Turkic: *jegn

Tungus-Manchu: *sūn

Japanese: *suán-tài

Comments: High tone in Jpn. is probably due to contraction (*suán-tai < *sugan-tai, where -tai = *tai 'hand'). If *zi̯ognV (with a rare -gn- cluster) < *zi̯onV-gV, the stem may be a derivation of *zi̯ōnu 'fist, hand' q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *zi̯ŏ́gtu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: thigh, shank

Russian meaning: бедро, голень

Turkic: *jo(g)ta

Mongolian: *seɣüǯi

Tungus-Manchu: *sigdi-pu

Comments: Лексика 283. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *zi̯oĺa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to shine, blaze

Russian meaning: светить, блестеть

Turkic: *jạĺ(č)-

Mongolian: *soloŋga

Tungus-Manchu: *sulū-n

Korean: *sằr-

Japanese: *sas-

Comments: The match is quite regular except for the somewhat unexpected closed *-ạ- in Turkic.

Proto-Altaic: *zi̯ōnu

Meaning: fist, hand

Russian meaning: кулак, рука

Tungus-Manchu: *siantu

Korean: *són

Comments: A Tung.-Kor. isogloss (but cf. notes to *zi̯ognV).

Proto-Altaic: *zi̯ṓta ( ~ *zā́to)

Meaning: relative by marriage

Russian meaning: свойственник, родственник по браку

Turkic: *jāt

Mongolian: *sadu-n

Japanese: *sátuá

Comments: Mong. > Man. sadun et al. (see Doerfer MT 119, Rozycki 172) > Kor. sadon ( not < Chin.!).

Proto-Altaic: *zi̯úko

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to rot, ferment

Russian meaning: гнить, киснуть

Turkic: *jog-urt-

Mongolian: *sogsi-

Tungus-Manchu: *sükü-

Japanese: *súk-

Comments: The Jpn. form can also reflect *săk`V 'to ferment' (q. v.).

Proto-Altaic: *zi̯úĺa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: spine, nape

Russian meaning: позвоночник, хребет, загривок

Turkic: *jɨĺ

Mongolian: *sili

Tungus-Manchu: *suli-

Japanese: *sasu

Comments: EAS 72. {ND 2666 adds Mong. sölür 'bending backward (as a bow); one who throws back his head'}.

Proto-Altaic: *zi̯ŭldu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: root, vein

Russian meaning: корень, жила

Turkic: *jɨldɨŕ

Mongolian: *sülde-sü

Tungus-Manchu: *suldu-

Comments: Лексика 264. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *zi̯upi

Meaning: a small hole; to pull through a hole

Russian meaning: отверстие, дырка; продевать в отверстие

Turkic: *jib

Mongolian: *sübe

Tungus-Manchu: *sibe-

Korean: *sp-

Comments: In Turk. *jib < *jüb (secondary dissimilation). Korean has a usual vowel reduction. Cf. also notes to *sī́p`í 'pipe'.

Proto-Altaic: *zīpe

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of predator

Russian meaning: вид крупного хищника

Turkic: *jēbke

Mongolian: *sibor

Tungus-Manchu: *sibigē

Comments: A Western isogloss. On Mong. ǯeɣeken see under *čágo.

Proto-Altaic: *zodgV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: long hair

Russian meaning: длинные волосы

Turkic: *jogdu

Mongolian: *suda-

Tungus-Manchu: *su(g)da-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *zŭli

Meaning: sharp

Russian meaning: острый

Turkic: *jül-

Mongolian: *sülbe-

Tungus-Manchu: *suli-

Japanese: *suru-ntǝ-

Comments: A good common Altaic root.

Proto-Altaic: *zū̀nti

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a young animal

Russian meaning: молодое животное

Turkic: *junt

Mongolian: *sünde-sü

Tungus-Manchu: *sōn-ŋa- / *sōn-da-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *zūru

Meaning: hole, nest

Russian meaning: дыра, гнездо

Turkic: *jūr-tu

Tungus-Manchu: *suru

Japanese: *su

Comments: Jpn. *su reflects a suffixed *zur(u)-gV. For Turkic cf. alternatively Manchu ǯurun 'hole, cave'.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯa-

Meaning: eight

Russian meaning: восемь

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯa-pkun

Japanese: *da-

Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss. Cf. perhaps (with dialectal *ǯ- > j-?) MKor. jǝ̀-t- 'eight'.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯabda

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of snake

Russian meaning: вид змеи

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯabdar

Japanese: *datua

Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss. Cf. Turkm. juvdarxā 'monster, k. of dragon' (contaminated with aždaxa < Pers.?)

Proto-Altaic: *ǯàdé ( ~ *ǯèdá)

Meaning: pond, pool

Russian meaning: пруд

Mongolian: *ǯada-

Japanese: *dǝ̀ntǝ́

Comments: A Mong.-Jpn. isogloss. There may be, however, some traces in Turkic as well: cf. Karakh. (MK, see EDT 891-892) jaδɨŋ suv 'water spreading over the surface of the ground', closely paralleling, e.g., Khalkha ʒadgaj usu 'pond, pool'. Cf. also the old name of the Ural river, PT *jadɨk, which is considered to be pre-Turkish (see EDT 981), but may be genuine. The attributive usage both in Turkic and Mongolian makes one wonder whether the root in fact is not a specialization of PA *ǯādV 'spread' q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯak`V ( ~ č-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: gravel, pebbles

Russian meaning: галька

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯaxar(a)

Korean: *čjàkà-

Comments: Lee 1958, 113. A Tung.-Kor. isogloss. Because of the MKor. form a reconstruction *ǯajk`V is also possible.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯắlo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to fasten, bind, hang

Russian meaning: прикреплять, привязывать, вешать

Turkic: *jala-

Mongolian: *ǯalga-

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯala-n

Korean: *čằrằ-

Japanese: *dái

Comments: Despite Doerfer MT 23, TM cannot be borrowed from Mong. Jpn. *dá- presupposes a suffixed *ǯál(o)-gV, cf. Mong. ǯal-ga-.